Nowadays, the entrance to Shiraz from Isfahan is marked by Tang ((Strait)) Allah Akbar and the Qur’ an Gate. Over time and different periods, numerous components have defined this natural entrance, and have been added to or reduced from this entrance, and have changed the identity of the being an entrance to this area for Shiraz. The study seeks to answer this question “ which component has historically been stable in the definition of the entrance of Shiraz and has been the essential component shaping the view of the Shiraz entrance? To answer this question, according to the context of social, political, and cultural changes of each period, the study analyzes the several components that have shaped the entrance of Shiraz over a century. The study precisely scrutinizes the landscape changes that took place in this area in the five-time periods of the Buyid dynasty to Qajar, Qajar, Pahlavi I, Pahlavi II, and the Islamic Republic. The results designate that the Qur’ an Gate, along with the two components of the valley and mountains around the entrance, has played an objective and subjective role in shaping the landscape and identity of Shiraz entrance in different historical periods. This stability has been changed dynamically and in line with the changes and needs of the time, but the landscape burden of these components in line with the definition of the entrance of Shiraz city has never been reduced. Nonetheless, after the Islamic Revolution, the historical and natural identity of this area as the entrance to the city of Shiraz has been disturbed. This article shows that the lack of coordination of these components with changes in time and lack of attention to the essential importance of these components in defining the entrance identity of the city has provided the grounds for elimination, destruction, or marginalization of these components and has distorted their role in defining the entrance of Shiraz.

Investigating aquifers and determining the alluvial and karst aquifers interaction, especially in the border areas of the country, is very important. With geoelectrical methods (Vertical Electrical Sounding -VES), it is possible to determine the subsurface geological layering, aquifer layers, the depth to bedrock and the apparent resistivity (ρa) of the geological layers. In this paper, by performing 40 VES in the northern plain of Darghz Allah Akbar Heights (DAH), calculating the ρa of the layers and interpreting the geoelectrical sections, the aquifers up to the depth of 350 meters and the relationship between alluvial and Tirgan karstic aquifer (TKA) have been investigated. The results show the presence of alluvial aquifers up to 20 meters depth in the south, east and west of Chapeshlo, north and northwest of Daghdar and west of Dargaz industrial town, as well as the presence of deep karstic aquifers in the southeast of Chapeshlo, northeast of Sugandi, north of Gandab, and west of Daghdar. The changes in ρa and the depth to bedrock show that there is not much relationship between the alluvial and TKA. Considering the absence of highly discharged springs around DAH and the low thickness of the alluvial aquifer, it can be concluded that most groundwater of the TKA, except in limited places at the foot of the DAH (Cheholmir and Cherlaq areas) has little effect on feeding of alluvial aquifer of Daragaz southern plain, and due to the barrier function of the deeper fine-grained layers, the groundwater flow paths are towards the depths or Dorbadam and Shamkhal valleys.

There are many estuaries on the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf but Tang estuary is one of incomparable with its shape and occurrence course which is located in the east part of Tang port on Mokran coast of Iran. The geomorphology phenomena around this estuary is one of incomparable with its shape and occurrence course which is located in the east part of Tang port on Mokran coast of Iran. The geomorphology phenomena around this estuary concerning to geomorphology are so important and some conditional geomorphic like "Toumboloy of Tang" are unique.Recognition of morphologic situations of the region of case study either its shape and circumstances or genesis and appearance are most important and has positive effects in making basic installation and improve hunting and fishing industry in the region. In this article it will be tried recognizing phenomena and important geomorphologic conditions based on field experiences and objective observations in the region because the studied sources and accomplished works are so little.

Among the most paramount issues related to human self-understanding that are found in various cultures and ages are questions of the perfection of man and ultimate human happiness. In Islamic texts, ultimate human perfection is described as nearness to Allah. This article offers a brief review of the teachings of the Qur’ ā n on this topic and a sketch of the history of discussions of nearness to God in some of the Islamic sciences, particularly jurisprudence (fiqh), mysticism (‘ irfā n), theology (kalā m), and (Islamic) philosophy (falsafah). Each of these areas is an arena for the expression of a distinctive perspective on nearness to God. With regard to each of them, we consider the following questions: Is it possible for human beings to approach God? If it is possible, what is the maximum extent of nearness to the divine? Can one become God or divine, or is proximity to God more limited? And, finally, what is the nature of this nearness, and what happens to a person when one approaches God? The answers found to these questions allow for a comparison of the four perspectives on nearness to God. The method used in this article is both rational and scriptural, although particular emphasis is given to the Qur’ ā n.

Arabic is derivative, and this derivation, which examines the origin of a term, is one of the ways in which language is expanded and helps to expand their vocabulary and meaning. Of the derivation types in which, while preserving the order of the original letters (two letter), one of the triple letters is converted into terms like divergence or divergence (convergence), it is an actuality derived that relates to the semantic relations between the vocabulary. The study seeks to explore this linguistic phenomenon in the first and oldest Arabic-language dictionary, Al-Ain-al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (d. 175), based on the expenditure of the letters. Khalil, after mentioning the two letter words and the termination of the three letter word, poses the general meaning of the word, and the semantic relation between the words that contain the derivation of the term, and which have used the words that refer to it as "methl, shabih, cuff, yodhareo. " This collection was originated by many dictionaries in the following centuries. Subsequently, the verse of the "verses of the word" of Ahmad ibn Fars (d. 395), which is based on the principle and the words of the words, has been considered. The Persian has used the word "Abdul" in balancing and expressing the special meaning of the lexical words which are more derived. This book is written in the late years of the author's life and is the basis for the work of the cultivators. The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of the emergence of Akbar in the two dictionaries, the expression of how influential the author of the book is on the subject of his coincidence and assessment, and to assess the views of the two authors in this regard. The methodology of the article is descriptive-statistical. In this method, statistics and results are obtained: 29% of al-Ain's words and 48% of the words are Moghaysis al-Laghata of Azteqagh Akbar, in which 122 words, 21% in two dictionaries, are common in this phenomenon. Subscription can confirm the influence of Ibn Fars from Sahib Al-Ain which plays the role of creating words and expanding Arabic meanings.

Zamakhshari, a scientist of Iranian race, lived in the second half of fifth century and the first half of sixth century (467-538, A.H). He was very skillful in Arabic and Islamic sciences and wrote valuable works on various fields of them, including a dictionary entitled "Asas Al Balaqeh" which was an achievement in the evolution of Arabic Lexicography in the author’s s time. In this article, the goal and intention of Zamakhshari for writing this book, the comparison of this book with previous Arabic Dictionaries and the viewpoints of its critics are studied.

We studied the geochemistry of the Asmari Formation in two outcrop sections: Tang-e-Sapou a 260 m section near Dehdasht City (Kohgiluyeh va Bouyer Ahmad Province) and Tang-e-Ban a 214 m section near Behbahan City (Khozestan Province). Sampling included the complete Asmari Formation and the top of the Pabdeh Formation. The Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Asmari Formation lies above the Pabdeh Formation and is overlain by the Gachsaran Formation. Elemental geochemistry (Fe, Mg, Na, Sr, Mn, Ca), and Oxygen and Carbon isotope analyses indicate that meteoric diagenesis affected carbonates of the Asmari Formation. The δ18O/δ13C data plots in an inverted J-trend suggesting that meteoric diagensis occurred in a closed to semi-closed system. The geochemistry also suggests that the original mineralogy was Aragonite. The boundary between the Pabdeh and Asmari Formations can be recognized by changes in the δ 18O and δ 13C. In the Pabdeh Formation the δ 18O and δ 13C values are mostly negative, but in the Asmari Formation values range from positive to negative. Strontium is much higher in the Pabdeh Formation than in the Asmari Formation. Changes in isotope and elemental geochemistry clearly show the Chattian-Aquitanian and Aquitanian-Burgidalian boundaries.

In the current study, calcareous nannoplanktons from East of the (Strait) of Hormuz are going to be introduced. For the first time, 15 samples were selected from this area and 27 species and 16 genera were identified. We have found 3 collections in the studied fossils associations. Some of them had high abundance, such as Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi, and some other species were rarely found, such as Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Umbilicosphaera sibogae and Umbellosphaera tenuis. The third collection included reworked species of Cretaceous and Neogene deposits. The found fossils show that these sediments deposited in the marginal sea were rich in nutrients and had high productivity.